A staggering 70 million Americans have PFAS, carcinogenic “forever chemicals,” present in their drinking water. These are toxins present in almost everything you use, from food packaging items to firefighting foams (Aqueous film-forming foam, or AFFF).
For decades, their widespread and unchecked use in AFFF foams has sparked a huge uproar. These foams were adopted by the US military in the 1960s, and the subsequent PFAS contamination has ruined the water sources at over 700 military sites.
These “forever chemicals” also harm wildlife and pose serious health risks to firefighters and communities alike. Researchers have linked exposure to PFAS to various fatal health concerns, such as cancer, immune system dysfunction, and developmental issues.
The firefighting community needs a new champion. This blog post delves into the world of PFAS-free alternatives, exploring innovative firefighting solutions that prioritize both human safety and ecological health.
Dangers of PFAS in AFFF Firefighting Foam
The true dangers of PFAS-containing firefighting foam only emerged into public consciousness through AFFF foam cancer lawsuits against manufacturers.
These lawsuits were instrumental in exposing military bases as a potential epicenter of the contamination. This was a grim reality for firefighters, who had no clue about their daily exposure to life-threatening PFAS chemicals.
Decades of research now paint a disturbing picture. CDC blood sampling revealed the near-omnipresence of PFAS in the American population, with nearly 97% testing positive.
An eight-year study conducted near a DuPont PFAS production facility revealed harrowing facts. It established a probable connection between exposure and a chilling array of six health conditions:
- High cholesterol,
- Ulcerative colitis,
- Thyroid disorders,
- Testicular and kidney cancers,
- Pregnancy-related hypertension.
The legal arm of justice, as represented by TorHoerman Law, further underscores the dangers. It cites an increased risk of prostate cancer in men and hypothyroidism in women linked to PFAS exposure.
Perhaps most alarming is the insidious threat these toxins pose to prenatal health. These pervasive chemicals can infiltrate breast milk and umbilical cord blood, transferring from mother to child.
Scientific analysis suggests that exposure to PFAS while still in the womb may negatively impact a child’s development. It can lead to cognitive delays, attention deficits, and hormonal disruptions. The specter of harm extends even further, with potential associations between PFAS exposure and lower infant birth weights.
Lawsuits against chemical manufacturers paint a damning picture of reckless disregard. For decades, these companies promoted AFFF firefighting foams without adequate warnings about the devastating health consequences that could follow.
Let us now delve into safer, PFAS-free alternatives to firefighting foams.
Fluorine-Free Firefighting Options
Fluorine-free foams (FFFs) have emerged as a promising alternative to AFFF. First appearing in the market around the year 2000, these fluorine-free foams (FFFs) provide a safer and more environment-friendly approach to fire suppression.
They achieve this by utilizing a unique blend of ingredients. Hydrocarbon surfactants form the foam’s backbone, while solvents play a role in spreading and maintaining the foam layer.
Finally, stabilizers ensure the foam remains effective for a longer duration. Working in tandem, these components create a suffocating blanket over the burning surface to extinguish the flames. By cutting off the oxygen supply the blanket also lowers the fuel temperature.
Many fluorine-free foams have demonstrated comparable fire knockdown and dousing times to AFFF, making them a viable option for various firefighting applications.
Unlike AFFF, FFFs do not contain PFAS, eliminating the risk of long-term contamination and the associated health hazards. One of the key advantages of these foams is their biodegradability.
This means they decompose naturally in the environment. This characteristic reduces the risk of persistent environmental contamination.
We expect the development and adoption of FFFs to accelerate as the demand for PFAS-free alternatives grows, giving firefighters a potent tool that prioritizes both safety and sustainability.
Compressed Air Foam Systems (CAFS)
Compressed air foam systems (CAFS) have revolutionized firefighting by offering an efficient and versatile alternative to traditional foams. CAFS foams work by combining water, foam concentrate, and compressed air. This mixture is pressurized in the container to create a dense, homogeneous foam that adheres to surfaces and extinguishes fires.
The unique properties of CAFS provide several advantages over traditional foams. The high expansion ratio of CAFS allows for greater coverage and penetration. This allows firefighters to control and suppress fires with less water and foam concentration.
Moreover, the superior insulation and heat absorption capabilities of CAFS reduce the risk of fire reignition. They also protect firefighters from intense heat. Moreover, the lightweight nature of CAFS also makes it easier to deploy in difficult-to-reach areas and reduces physical strain on firefighters.
However, CAFS does have some limitations and considerations. The initial cost of CAFS equipment can be higher than that of traditional foam systems. Also, firefighters require specialized training to operate and maintain CAFS. Additionally, the compatibility of CAFS with certain foam concentrates and the potential for equipment clogging need careful consideration.
Water Mist Systems
Water mist systems have gained recognition as an eco-friendly and effective fire suppression method. These systems deliver a fine spray of water droplets, typically less than 1000 microns in diameter. This evaporates and absorbs heat in an instant, displacing oxygen and extinguishing the fire.
The high surface area to volume ratio of water mist allows for efficient heat absorption and rapid cooling of the fire. As a result, it is suitable for a wide range of applications, including marine, industrial, and commercial settings.
From an environmental and safety perspective, water mist systems offer significant advantages. They require less water compared to traditional sprinkler systems, minimizing water damage and runoff. Moreover, the use of pure water also eliminates the need for chemical additives.
Hence, water mist systems are safe for human exposure and reduce the environmental impact of firefighting operations.
Adhering to local fire codes often necessitates a fire watch during high-risk situations. These services help property owners meet safety regulations, avoid fines, and safeguard lives and assets. A professional fire watch ensures all protocols are followed diligently.
Transitioning to PFAS-Free Options
It’s not just about swapping out the villain; it’s about building a new firefighting arsenal. Switching to PFAS-free alternatives requires a multi-pronged approach.
First, we need a nuanced understanding of each contender. Fluorine-free foams excel in certain scenarios, while compressed air systems might be a better fit for others. This evaluation ensures we’re deploying the right tool for the job.
However, the best equipment is only as good as the firefighters wielding it. Extensive training will familiarize them with these alternatives’ unique properties and handling procedures.
The transition ripples outward, requiring adjustments to the fire stations themselves. Think compatibility with existing equipment and infrastructure. This will ensure a seamless integration of the new firefighting solutions.
Of course, cost is a vital consideration. While upfront costs might be higher, long-term savings on healthcare and environmental remediation can’t be ignored. By tackling these points head-on, we pave the way for a future where firefighter safety and environmental well-being go hand-in-hand.
Remember, the power to pave the way for a more responsible approach to fire suppression lies within our hands. This doesn’t require a cape or a badge.
By learning more about these emerging PFAS-free technologies, we can become informed advocates. Engaging in an open and constructive dialogue with policymakers, fire departments, and manufacturers is crucial.
Let’s champion these innovative solutions and work together to ensure our firefighters have the tools they deserve. Together, we can rewrite the narrative of fire suppression, etching a future where bravery and sustainability go hand in hand.
